What is computer memory and its types?
Do you know what is computer memory? We all use computers like in our homes, offices or any other place. But have you ever thought that to operate these computers or machines or to say that what is the device we need to store our data or information? If your answer is memory device then you are absolutely right, but do you know how many types of computer memory are there? If not then this article is going to be very helpful for you-
- Computer memory is the storage space where different types of data, information, instructions or programs are stored or stored.
- Memory is a very essential part of any computer because without it the computer cannot do even a simple task.
- The computer's memory is kept in the motherboard and whenever the CPU needs data or information for any kind of processing, it directly accesses the memory and the kind of data it needs, it takes it from the memory. Takes.
- Memory is like human brain which is used to store information.
Types of Computer Memory
There are three basic types of computer memory –
1. Primary memory / Volatile memory
2.Secondary memory / non-volatile memory.
3.Cache Memory
Primary Memory Internal Memory
Primary memory is also called main memory or primary memory and temporary memory (volatile memory). This memory is part of the CPU. From where the CPU receives data and instructions. and preserve after processing.Primary memory holds only that data and instructions in which the computer is currently working. It has very limited capacity.
This memory is temporary, after the end of the work, the stored data is automatically deleted when the power is switched off and the data of the next task is stored. It is a continuous process.
Features of Primary Memory:-
- This memory is temporary.
- This is the working memory of the computer.
- These are much faster than secondary memories.
- After the power supply or work is over, the data is automatically deleted.
- These are semiconductor memories.
- This is usually volatile memory.
- Computer cannot work without it.
- A computer does not run without primary memory.
Types of Primary Memory:-
- RAM
- ROM
1. RAM (Random Access Memory):-
The full form of RAM is Random Access Memory. RAM is used to read and write data, which the CPU randomly accesses. The memory of RAM is volatile, which means that when the power supply is turned off, then the information stored in it is also lost. Most of the data and programs that are modified are stored in RAM.
It is used in various types of devices like servers, computers, mobiles etc.
There are two different types of RAM :-
1. SRAM (Static RAM)2. DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
1.SRAM(Static Random Access Memory):-
SRAM (Static RAM or SRAM) is a type of random access memory (RAM) that uses latching circuitry (flip-flops) to store each bit.
2. DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory):-
DRAM is a type of Random Access Memory (RAM) and volatile memory that causes data to be lost when the power or power supply is turned off.
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is a type of semiconductor memory typically used by a computer processor to store data or program code required to function. , DRAM is a common type of random access memory (RAM) used in personal computers (P.C.), workstations and servers.
2.ROM (Read Only Memory):-
ROM is a type of memory, it is also known as a non-volatile memory. Data is only read from this memory and not written. It is used to store data permanently. The data stored in this memory remains safe forever. Which can be accessed by the user and the computer at any time. Like, Hard Disks, etc.
Some of the molasses of ROM are as follows -
1. It stores many important information which are necessary to operate the system, such as programs which are required to boot the computer.
2. This memory is volatile, meaning that even after the power is switched off, the data is not lost in it.
3. It is used in embedded systems or where no change of programming is required.
4. It is a permanent memory.
5.Data is stored forever.
6. Its speed is slightly less.
7.Store capacity is very high.
There are two different types of ROM like
1. PROM
2.EEPROM
3. EPROM
1. PROM(Programmable read-only memory) :-
It is a type of read-only memory (ROM). Programmable read-only memory (PROM) is a form of digital memory where the setting of each bit is locked by a fuse or antifuse. The data in them is permanent and cannot be changed Is.
2.EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read only memory):-
The full name of EEPROM is Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers, integrated into microcontrollers for smart cards and remote keyless systems, and by other electronic devices to store relatively small amounts of data. Allows reprogramming.
3. EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-only memory):-
The full name of EPROM is Erasable Programmable Read-only memory. RPROM is a type of programmable read-only memory (PROM) chip that retains its data when the power supply is turned off. Can retrieve stored data after turning it back on, is said to be non-volatile. It is an array of floating-gate transistors individually programmed by an electronic device that supplies a higher voltage than those typically used in digital circuits.
2. External or Secondary memory?
It is also known as External (Extra) and Non-Volatile Memory. It is used to store data permanently. The data stored in this memory remains safe forever. Which can be accessed by the user and computer at any time.
Secondary memory is not a part of CPU, its data first goes to main memory. Only after this the CPU can use it. Its storage capacity is very high. For example, Hard Disks, CD, DVD, Pan Drives etc.
Secondary Memory:-
- There are magnetic and optical memories.
- It is also called Backup Memory.
- This is a non-volatile memory.
- Data is stored permanently in this, even if you switch the power off-
- It is used to store data in the computer.
Some of the types of Secondary Memory are as follows -
ROM is a type of memory, it is also known as a non-volatile memory. Data is only read from this memory and not written. It is used to store data permanently. The data stored in this memory remains safe forever. Which can be accessed by the user and the computer at any time. Like, Hard Disks, etc.
Some of the molasses of ROM are as follows -
1. It stores many important information which are necessary to operate the system, such as programs which are required to boot the computer.
2. This memory is volatile, meaning that even after the power is switched off, the data is not lost in it.
3. It is used in embedded systems or where no change of programming is required.
4. It is a permanent memory.
5.Data is stored forever.
6. Its speed is slightly less.
7.Store capacity is very high.
There are two different types of ROM like
1. PROM
2.EEPROM
3. EPROM
1. PROM(Programmable read-only memory) :-
It is a type of read-only memory (ROM). Programmable read-only memory (PROM) is a form of digital memory where the setting of each bit is locked by a fuse or antifuse. The data in them is permanent and cannot be changed Is.
2.EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read only memory):-
The full name of EEPROM is Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers, integrated into microcontrollers for smart cards and remote keyless systems, and by other electronic devices to store relatively small amounts of data. Allows reprogramming.
3. EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-only memory):-
The full name of EPROM is Erasable Programmable Read-only memory. RPROM is a type of programmable read-only memory (PROM) chip that retains its data when the power supply is turned off. Can retrieve stored data after turning it back on, is said to be non-volatile. It is an array of floating-gate transistors individually programmed by an electronic device that supplies a higher voltage than those typically used in digital circuits.
2. External or Secondary memory?
It is also known as External (Extra) and Non-Volatile Memory. It is used to store data permanently. The data stored in this memory remains safe forever. Which can be accessed by the user and computer at any time.
Secondary memory is not a part of CPU, its data first goes to main memory. Only after this the CPU can use it. Its storage capacity is very high. For example, Hard Disks, CD, DVD, Pan Drives etc.
Secondary Memory:-
- There are magnetic and optical memories.
- It is also called Backup Memory.
- This is a non-volatile memory.
- Data is stored permanently in this, even if you switch the power off-
- It is used to store data in the computer.
Some of the types of Secondary Memory are as follows -
1.Hard Disk Drive:-
A hard disk drive is made up of a series of circular discs called platters arranged one on top of another about inch apart around a spindle. Discs are non-magnetic such as aluminum alloys. Materials are made of and coated with 10-20 nm magnetic material.
In this the data is stored by magnetizing or demagnetising the magnetic coating. A magnetic reader arm is used to read data from the disk and write the data. A typical modern HDD has a capacity of terabytes (TB).
2.Optical Disk Driver :-
2.Optical Disk Driver :-
Optical Disk Driver Optical mass storage devices store bit values as changes in light reflectance. They have higher field densities and longer data life than magnetic storage. They are also standardized and relatively cheap. Their uses: read-only storage with low performance requirements, applications with high capacity requirements and where portability to a standardized format is needed is required.
Optical Disk Driver Optical mass storage devices store bit values as changes in light reflectance. They have higher field densities and longer data life than magnetic storage. They are also standardized and relatively cheap. Their uses: read-only storage with low performance requirements, applications with high capacity requirements and where portability to a standardized format is needed is required.
Types of Optical Disk
- CD-ROM (read only)
- CD-R: (record) to a CD
- CD-RW: can write and erase CD to reuse it (re-writable)
- DVD(Digital Video Disk)
3. CD Drive
The full meaning of CD (seed) is Compact Disk. CDs are circular discs that use optical rays, usually lasers, to read and write data. They are very cheap because you can get 700MB of storage space for less than a dollar. The CD is inserted into the CD drive built into the CPU cabinet. They are portable because you can take the drive out, remove the CD and take it with you. There are three types of CDs.
DVD Drive
The full name of DVD is Digital Video Display (Digital Video Display). DVDs are optical devices that can store 15 times the data held by CDs. They are commonly used to store rich multimedia files that require high storage capacity. DVDs also come in three varieties: read-only, recordable, and rewritable.
Types of Optical Disk
- CD-ROM (read only)
- CD-R: (record) to a CD
- CD-RW: can write and erase CD to reuse it (re-writable)
- DVD(Digital Video Disk)
3. CD Drive
The full meaning of CD (seed) is Compact Disk. CDs are circular discs that use optical rays, usually lasers, to read and write data. They are very cheap because you can get 700MB of storage space for less than a dollar. The CD is inserted into the CD drive built into the CPU cabinet. They are portable because you can take the drive out, remove the CD and take it with you. There are three types of CDs.
DVD Drive
The full name of DVD is Digital Video Display (Digital Video Display). DVDs are optical devices that can store 15 times the data held by CDs. They are commonly used to store rich multimedia files that require high storage capacity. DVDs also come in three varieties: read-only, recordable, and rewritable.
Pen Drive
- It is made of many materials such as plastic, metal etc., which makes it light.
- Its length is of many types, from 1 cm to 6 cm.
- Its capacity ranges from 512 Mb to 128 Gb.
- It gets power from USB port.
- It is very portable so that it can be used anywhere anytime.
- Cache is also used to refer to any temporary collection of data, either in hardware or software.
- Cache memory enables computer functions to keep recently accessed data nearby, so it can be used over and over again instead of using the same set of instructions over and over again.
- It is a complementary memory system that temporarily stores frequently used instructions and data for faster processing by the computer's central processor.
- A cache memory has an access time of 100ns, whereas main memory may have an access time of 700ns.
- Cache memory is very expensive and therefore limited in capacity.
- Earlier the cache memory was available separately but now the microprocessor has the cache memory on the chip itself.
Types of Cache Memory
The types of cache memory are divided into different levels which are L1, L2, L3:-
Advantages Of Cache Memory
- Cache memory is much faster than main memory.
- It consumes less access time than the main memory
- It stores the program which can be executed within a short time.
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